PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
January 2020
9
by Chromaway has gained the most popularity with its user
interfaces and system design. With this success, the number
of regions that are using the application has grown and the
number of uses may increase with greater speed as the ad-
vantages of Blockchain land registration systems are publi-
cized.
Border Violation Detection
Another Blockchain GIS application is for boundary detection
violations. This cadastral Blockchain work, which was devel-
oped in Turkey/Kirsehir, was presented by Abdulvahit Torun.
The problem of inconsistent demarcation between successful
cadastral surveys emerged in that country and a method
based on a hierarchical Blockchain model has been proposed
to prevent such situations. After presenting two separate
physical boundary overlap studies represented as accurate,
an effective Computer-aided design (CAD) GIS method based
on Blockchain technology was proposed to prevent such inci-
dents in Kirsehir. In the proposed method, there is no border
change operation in the land registry unless the joint approv-
al of all stakeholders is received (Torun, 2018). Torun stated
in his study that the main purpose of using the Blockchain
in the cadastre is to manage the process of determining any
boundaries that cause conflicts. The author proposed that
with Blockchain technology, land registration procedures
will be decentralized, transparent, and open to everyone. In
addition, with the common participation of all stakeholders
and supervision of the official authorities, property transac-
tions could be managed safely (Torun, 2018). The purpose of
digitization of the processes is similar to Blockchain land reg-
istration applications in Brazil, Honduras, and Sweden. In
addition, considering that the purpose for the transition of
Honduras and Brazil to Blockchain includes the elimination
of the irregularities in the existing systems throughout the
countries, the objective of more efficient land registration is
achieved.
Food Tracking Systems
In October 2018, IBM announced the commercial availability
of a Blockchain-based electronic distributed ledger that can
track and trace food supply chain data from farm to store
(IBM, 2018). IBM’s Food Trust ledger, which was created us-
ing Hyperledger Fabric infrastructure, will allow food retail-
ers, suppliers and growers to see supply chain data in near
real time, enabling a more transparent and efficient method
of determining the origin and safety of products.
In September 2018, retail giant Walmart announced that
it would begin requiring its suppliers to implement the sys-
tem to track bags of spinach and heads of lettuce. Walmart
says it now has a better system for pinpointing which batches
of leafy green vegetables may be contaminated. After a two-
year pilot project, the retailer announced that it would be
using a Blockchain to keep track of the produce (Corkery &
Popper, 2018).
In similar manner, Carrefour, one of the leaders in food
traceability, through the gradual application of Blockchain
technology to its quality line products, has joined other par-
ticipants involved in building the IBM Food Trust platform.
The companies stated that the objective of this collaboration
is to implement a global food traceability standard from pro-
ducers through to market (Carrefour Group, 2018).
CONCLUSION
Advantages such as enhanced security, agentless processing
and transparency in data tracking make Blockchain technol-
ogy attractive. The GIS-Blockchain applications will mature
through increased usage, and updating the applications once
any feedback is received from long-term use. After the elimi-
nation of risks arising mostly from the diversity of local laws,
the advantages of GIS-Blockchain applications will begin to
emerge and the number of uses will increase. With the ex-
pectation that land registration applications will stand out
among Blockchain-based applications, then the boundary vi-
olation detection systems can be implemented easily.
In addition, the advantages of traceability and increased
security may appeal to big companies and lead them to invest
in developing food-tracking applications through Blockchain.
As successful results increase, there will be more diversity
in the number of GIS applications of Blockchain technology.
References
Allison, I. (2018). Blockchain-based Ubitquity pilots with
Brazil’s land records bureau.
/
blockchain-based-ubitquity-pilots-brazils-land-records-bu-
reau-1615518. (last date accessed 1 April 2018)
Carrefour Group. (2018). Food traceability: Carrefour, a
blockchain pioneer in Europe, has joined the IBM Food
Trust platform to take action on a global scale.
.
carrefour.com/current-news/food-traceability-carrefour-
a-blockchain-pioneer-in-europe-has-joined-the-ibm-food.
(last date accessed 22 November 2019).
Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and
Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things.
IEEE
Access, 4,
2292–2303.
ChromaWay Land Registry. (2018).
/
landregistry/. (last date accessed 26 May 2018).
Corkery, M., & Popper, N. (2018). From Farm to Blockchain:
Walmart Tracks Its Lettuce - The New York Times.. https://
