252
April 2017
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
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PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
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ournal
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taff
Publisher ASPRS
Editor-In-Chief Alper Yilmaz
Technical Editor Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal of the
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is devoted to the
exchange of ideas and information about the applications of photogrammetry,
remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The technical activities of
the Society are conducted through the following Technical Divisions: Geographic
Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications, Lidar, Primary Data
Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing Applications. Additional
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be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS
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Landsat Detects Eruptions at Ethiopian Volcano
Landsat 8’s shortwave infrared (SWIR) band is useful in viewing recent eruptions
at Erta Ale volcano in northern Ethiopia near the Eritrea border. The volcano’s name
means “smoking mountain,” and its southernmost vent is referred to as “the gate-
way to hell.” Both names acknowledge its long-term volcanic activity since the early
1900s, and the persistent filling and draining of lava lakes within its main crater rim.
The lava lakes have been filled most recently since the 1960s.
Like other shield volcanoes, Erta Ale has gentle slopes and a wide base of about 25
miles in diameter. Shield volcanoes do not erupt explosively. Instead, the basaltic
lava is very fluid and erupts like fountains in the lava lakes and along fissures, flow-
ing like streams down the sides. Darker streaks in these recently acquired Landsat
images are some of the previously erupted, cooled, and solidified lava flows.
The elliptical summit crater contains several smaller pit craters, and the current
lava lake is in one of these. The red spot in the January 10
th
image (top) is a SWIR
signal associated with the location of the most recent lava lake. The February 11
th
image (bottom), however, shows out-gassing of that lava lake and other hot spots
on the southeastern slope of the volcano. According to the Global Volcanism Pro-
gram, new fissures opened on January 21
st
. Landsat’s SWIR signal infers increased
temperatures where new lava is either at very shallow depths below the surface or
gurgling to the surface.
The full image can be viewed at
php?cat=2#696.
Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior/USGS, U.S. Geological
Survey/photo by Jane Doe
