PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
September 2020
533
ka Grid is based on the Transverse Mercator projection with
the central meridian,
l
o
= 173º 30´ E, the False Easting = 30
km, and the False Northing = 100 km. The Scale Factor at
Origin is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Kuria Datum of 1962 to WGS
84 Datum, the converted Doppler solution is based on a fourth
parameter where a Z-axis rotation is performed first (alge-
braically added to the longitude), where R
z
= 102.84765˝ and
then the standard three-parameter shift is performed where
∆X = +219.1 m, ∆Y = –24.9 m, and ∆Z = +137.0 m. The Opera-
tion ANON 1984-85 solution is R
z
= 102.804˝, ∆X = +218.6 m,
∆Y = –24.8 m, and ∆Z = +140.1 m.
For the Little Makin Datum of 1972, the Datum origin is
at station Bikati Astro where Φ
o
= 03° 16´ 19.90˝ N and Λ
o
=
172° 40´ 36.21˝ East of Greenwich. The local grid is based on
the Transverse Mercator projection with the central meridi-
an,
l
o
= 172º 50´ E, the False Easting = 20 km, and the False
Northing = zero. The Scale Factor at Origin is unity (m
o
=
1.0). From Little Makin Datum of 1972 to WGS 84 Datum, the
converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +243.4 m, ∆Y = +221.1 m,
and ∆Z = –104.1 m. The Operation ANON 1984-85 solution is
∆X = +239.5 m, ∆Y = +189.9 m, and ∆Z = –121.6 m.
For the Maiana Datum of 1965, the Datum origin is at
Maiana Astro 1965. The local grid is based on the Transverse
Mercator projection with the central meridian,
l
o
= 173º 02´
E, the False Easting = 20 km, and the False Northing = zero.
The Scale Factor at Origin is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Maiana
Datum of 1965 to WGS 84 Datum, the converted Doppler solu-
tion is ∆X = +215.5 m, ∆Y = –27.9 m, and ∆Z = –159.7 m.
For the Marakei Datum of 1969, the Datum origin is at SW
Point A where Φ
o
= 01°58´ 58˝ S and Λ
o
= 173° 15´ 22˝ East
of Greenwich. The local grid is based on the Transverse Mer-
cator projection with the central meridian,
l
o
= 173º 16´ E,
the False Easting = 10 km, and the False Northing = zero.
The Scale Factor at Origin is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Marakei
Datum of 1969 to WGS 84 Datum, the converted Doppler solu-
tion is ∆X = +188.1 m, ∆Y = –237.6 m, and ∆Z = –185.6 m.
The Operation ANON 1984-85 solution is ∆X = +188.7 m, ∆Y
= –229.9 m, and ∆Z = –189.3 m.
For the Nikunau Datum of 1965, the Datum origin is at
third-order station NKZ 7 where Φ
o
= 01° 23´ 28.9196˝ S and
Λ
o
= 172°28´ 46.4327˝ East of Greenwich. The local grid is
based on the Transverse Mercator projection with the central
meridian,
l
o
= 176º 27´ E, the False Easting = 10 km, and the
False Northing = 300 km. The Scale Factor at Origin is unity
(m
o
= 1.0). From Nikunau Datum of 1965 to WGS 84 Datum,
the converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +229.8 m, ∆Y = –38.4
m, and ∆Z = –311.7 m. The Operation ANON 1984-85 solution
is ∆X = +230.3 m, ∆Y = –17.7 m, and ∆Z = –315.3 m.
For the Nikunau Datum of 1959, the Datum origin is at
Government Flagstaff where Φ
o
= 01° 20´ 44.37˝ S and Λ
o
=
176° 26´ 31.36˝ East of Greenwich. The local grid is based on
the Transverse Mercator projection with the central meridi-
an,
l
o
= 176º 27´ E, the False Easting = 10 km, and the False
Northing = 300 km. The Scale Factor at Origin is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Nikunau Datum of 1965 to WGS 84 Datum, the
converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +229.8 m, ∆Y = –38.4 m,
and ∆Z = –311.7 m. The Operation ANON 1984-85 solution is
∆X = +230.3 m, ∆Y = –17.7 m, and ∆Z = –315.3 m.
For the Nonouti Datum of 1965, the Datum origin is at
third-order station NNZ 14 where Φ
o
= 00° 39´ 57.7067˝ S, Λ
o
= 174° 26´ 52.1428˝ East of Greenwich, and H
o
= 2.62 m. The
local grid is based on the Transverse Mercator projection with
the central meridian,
l
ο
= 174º 20´ E, the False Easting = 20
km, and the False Northing = 200 km. The Scale Factor at Or-
igin is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Nonouti Datum of 1965 to WGS
84 Datum, the converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +221.9 m,
∆Y = –99.5 m, and ∆Z = –926.8 m. The Operation ANON 1984-
85 solution is ∆X = +221.2 m, ∆Y = –96.3 m, and ∆Z = –935.1
m. Note that the UTM coordinates of local traverses in 1963
of the Nououti Survey depend on the position A being
j
o
= 00°
40´ 16.4˝ S and
l
ο
= 174° 27´ 28˝ E.
For the Onotoa Datum of 1970, the Datum origin is at
third-order station ONZ 7. The local grid is based on the
Transverse Mercator projection with the central meridian,
l
o
= 175º 33´ E, the False Easting = 10 km, and the False
Northing = 350 km. The Scale Factor at Origin is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Onotoa Datum of 1970 to WGS 84 Datum, the
converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +244.4 m, ∆Y = +197.9 m,
and ∆Z = –243.1 m. The Operation ANON 1984-85 solution is
∆X = +245.2 m, ∆Y = +203.7 m, and ∆Z = –248.4 m.
For the Tabiteuea Datum of 1959, the Datum origin is at
third-order station TBZ 1 Astro where Φ
o
= 01° 28´ 05.6˝ S
and Λ
o
= 175° 03´ 15.0˝ East of Greenwich. The local grid is
based on the Transverse Mercator projection with the central
meridian,
l
o
= 174º 53´ E, the False Easting = 30 km, and
the False Northing = 300 km. The Scale Factor at Origin is
unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Tabiteuea Datum of 1959 to WGS 84
Datum, the converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +250.8 m, Y
= +235.6 m, and ∆Z = –377.2 m.
For the Tamana Datum of 1962, the Datum origin is at As-
tro Observation Spot where Φ
o
= 02° 30´ 09.0˝ S and Λ
o
=
175° 58´ 45.8˝ East of Greenwich. The local grid is based on
the Transverse Mercator projection with the central meridi-
an,
l
o
= 175º 59´ E, the False Easting = 10 km, and the False
Northing = 400 km. The Scale Factor at Origin is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Tamana Datum of 1962 to WGS 84 Datum, the
converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +202.3 m, ∆Y = –181.6 m,
and ∆Z = +128.2 m. The Operation ANON 1984-85 solution is
∆X = +206.8 m, ∆Y = –159.8 m, and ∆Z = +95.7 m.
For the Tarawa Datum of 1966, the Datum origin is at
first-order station Tarawa SECOR AMS 1966 where Φ
o
= 01°
21´ 42.13˝ N and ∆
o
= 172° 55´ 47.27˝ East of Greenwich. The
local grid is based on the Transverse Mercator projection with
the central meridian,
l
o
= 173º 02´ E, the False Easting = 20
km, and the False Northing = zero. The Scale Factor at Origin
is unity (m
o
= 1.0). From Tarawa Datum of 1966 to WGS 84
Datum, the converted Doppler solution is ∆X = +176.0 m, ∆Y
= –421.8 m, and ∆Z = +282.3 m. The Operation ANON 1984-85
solution is ∆X = +184.0 m, ∆Y = –356.3 m, and ∆Z = +287.5 m.
For the Betio Anchorage Survey of 1959, note that the UTM
