534
September 2020
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
coordinates of local traverses depend on the position C being
j
o
= 01° 19´ 42.98˝ N and
l
ο
= 172° 58´ 31.747˝ E.
For the Line Island group, according to John W. Hager,
the origin is at Station Beacon on Kiritimati (Christmas Is-
land) where Φ
o
= 01° 59´ 08˝ S and Λ
o
= 157° 29´ 00˝ West of
Greenwich. Established by N. J. Till, hydrographic surveyor,
M.N.Z.I.S. in April-September 1941. English Harbor Obser-
vation Spot on Tabuaerau (Fanning Island) is the Datum or-
igin where Φ
o
= 03° 51´ 23˝ N and Λ
o
= 159° 21´ 50˝ West of
Greenwich.
For the Phoenix Island Group, Birnie Island Astro is where
Φ
o
= 03° 35´ 07.875˝ S and Λ
o
= 171° 31´ 03.194˝ West of
Greenwich. Kanton 1939 Datum at the American Eclipse Ex-
pedition Pier, USS Bushnel where Φ
o
= 02° 49´ 07.2˝ S and Λ
o
= 171° 42´ 53.5˝ West of Greenwich. The position is described
as a monolith on the western side of the island. Kanton 1963
is where Φ
o
= 02° 47´ 20.0˝ S ± 0.3˝, Λ
o
= 171° 39´ 49.0˝ ± 0.3˝
West of Greenwich, and the reference azimuth is
α
o
= 75° 15´
19.15˝ ± 0.15˝ to CAN AZ1 from south (USC&GS second or-
der). Canton Astro 1966 at Canton SECOR Astro is where Φ
o
= 02° 46´ 28.99˝ S ± 0.04˝, Λ
o
= 171° 42´ 53.5˝ ± 0.05˝ West, and
the azimuth is
α
o
= 385° 51´ 02/65˝ ± 0.11˝ (SIC) from SECOR
RM-1 to TBM#3 (SECORAZMK) fromSouth, referenced to the
International 1909 ellipsoid. Enderbury Island Astro is where
Φ
o
= 03° 08´ 30.140˝ S, Λ
o
= 171° 05´ 34.95˝ West of Greenwich,
and the reference azimuth is
α
o
= 179° 04´ 00.69˝ to Bas. The
Gardner Island Astro Datum is where Φ
o
= 04° 40´ 18.85˝ S,
Λ
o
= 174° 32´ 27.71˝ West of Greenwich, and the reference az-
imuth is
α
o
= 252° 25´ 24.41˝ to station Line. The Hull Island
Astro Datum is where Φ
o
= 04° 29´ 15.263˝ S, Λ
o
= 172° 10´
15.188˝ West of Greenwich, and the reference azimuth is
α
o
=
001° 50´ 22.20˝ to station Base. The McKean Island Astro is
where Φ
o
= 03° 35´ 51.375˝ S, Λo = 174° 07´ 37.522˝ West of
Greenwich, and the reference azimuth is
α
o
= 005° 04´ 59.26˝
to station North. The Phoenix Island Astro is where Φ
o
= 03° 43´ 13.375˝ S, Λ
o
= 170° 42´ 56.004˝ West of Greenwich,
and the reference azimuth is
α
o
= 309° 23´ 37.76˝ to station
South. Sydney Island Astro is where Φ
o
= 04° 26´ 57.975˝ S,
Λ
o
= 171° 15´ 43.885˝ West of Greenwich, and the reference
azimuth is Α
o
= 009° 45´ 57.97˝ to station Nee. For both the
Line Islands Group and the Phoenix Islands Group, the el-
lipsoid of reference is the Clark 1866 unless otherwise noted.
Thanks again go to Russell Fox of the U.K. Ordnance Survey;
John W. Hager, retired from AMS/DMA/NIMA; and Richard
W. Stevenson, head of the Reference and Bibliography Sec-
tion, and Gary Fitzpatrick, senior reference librarian, both of
the Library of Congress; and David Llewellyn, senior drafts-
man, Lands and Survey Division, Bairiki, Tarawa, Republic
of Kiribati.
U
pdate
A number of geodetic surveys have been performed on various
islands by Geoscience Australia:
•
•
•
•
The contents of this column reflect the views of the author, who is
responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein.
The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of
the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and/
or the Louisiana State University Center for GeoInformatics (C
4
G).
This column was previously published in
PE&RS
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