468
July 2019
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher ASPRS
Editor-In-Chief Alper Yilmaz
Assistant Editor Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal
of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is
devoted to the exchange of ideas and information about the applications of
photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The
technical activities of the Society are conducted through the following Technical
Divisions: Geographic Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications,
Lidar, Primary Data Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing
Applications. Additional information on the functioning of the Technical
Divisions and the Society can be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS.
Correspondence relating to all business and editorial matters pertaining to this
and other Society publications should be directed to the American Society for
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 425 Barlow Place, Suite 210, Bethesda,
Maryland 20814-2144, including inquiries, memberships, subscriptions,
changes in address, manuscripts for publication, advertising, back issues,
and publications. The telephone number of the Society Headquarters is 301-
493-0290; the fax number is 225-408-4422; web address is
.
PE&RS.
PE&RS
(ISSN0099-1112) is published monthly by the American
Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 425 Barlow Place, Suite
210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. Periodicals postage paid at Bethesda,
Maryland and at additional mailing offices.
SUBSCRIPTION.
For the 2019 subscription year, ASPRS is offering two options
to our
PE&RS
subscribers — an e-Subscription and the print edition.
E-subscribers can plus-up their subscriptions with printed copies for a small
additional charge. Print and Electronic subscriptions are on a calendar-year
basis that runs from January through December. We recommend that custom-
ers who choose both e-Subscription and print (e-Subscription + Print) renew
on a calendar-year basis. The new electronic subscription includes access to
ten years of digital back issues of
PE&RS
for online subscribers through the
same portal at no additional charge. Please see the Frequently Asked Questions
about our journal subscriptions.
The rate of the e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for USA and Foreign:
1000.00 USD; e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for Canada*: 1049.00
USD; Special Offers: e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print for the USA: 1365.00
USD; e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print Canada*: 1424.00 USD; e-Subscription
(digital) Plus Print Outside of the USA: 1395.00 USD; Printed-Subscription
Only for USA: 1065.00 USD; Printed-Subscription Only for Canada*: 1124.00
USD; Printed-Subscription Only for Other Foreign: 1195.00 USD. *Note:
e-Subscription/Printed-Subscription Only/e-Subscription Plus Print for
Canada include 5% of the total amount for Canada’s Goods and Services Tax
(GST #135123065).
PLEASE NOTE: All Subscription Agencies receive
a 20.00 USD discount.
POSTMASTER.
Send address changes to
PE&RS
, ASPRS Headquarters,
425 Barlow Place, Suite 210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. CDN CPM
#(40020812)
MEMBERSHIP.
Membership is open to any person actively engaged in the practice
of photogrammetry, photointerpretation, remote sensing and geographic
information systems; or who by means of education or profession is interested
in the application or development of these arts and sciences. Membership is
for one year, with renewal based on the anniversary date of the month joined.
Membership Dues include a 12-month electronic subscription to
PE&RS
. Or
you can receive the print copy of
PE&RS
Journal which is available to all
member types for an additional fee of 60.00 USD for shipping USA, $65 USD
for Canada, or 75.00 USD for international shipping. Dues for ASPRSMembers
outside of the U.S. will now be the same as for members residing in the U.S.
Annual dues for Regular members (Active Member) is 150 USD; for Student
members 50 USD for USA and Canada 58 USD; 60 USD for Other Foreign
members. A tax of 5% for Canada’s Goods and Service Tax (GST #135123065)
is applied to all members residing in Canada.
COPYRIGHT 2019.
Copyright by the American Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing. Reproduction of this issue or any part thereof (except short
quotations for use in preparing technical and scientific papers) may be made
only after obtaining the specific approval of the Managing Editor. The Society
is not responsible for any statements made or opinions expressed in technical
papers, advertisements, or other portions of this publication. Printed in the
United States of America.
PERMISSION TO PHOTOCOPY.
The appearance of the code at the bottom of the
first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner’s consent
that copies of the article may be made for personal or internal use or for the
personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition,
however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee of 3.00 USD through the
Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts
01923, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S.
Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such
as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes,
for creating new collective works, or for resale.
A witch’s cauldron. Gastrointestinal reflux. A kale smoothie. The green swirls of this
satellite image may conjure up many mental pictures—except what it actually is. On
April 12, 2019, the Operational Land Imager on Landsat 8 acquired this image of Lake
Khanka.
This shallow freshwater lake is located on the border of Russia and northeastern China.
The green hues in the water are most likely chlorophyll-rich phytoplankton in the lake,
which contains a fairly constant presence of diatoms. The phytoplankton and other
suspended solids in the lake are easily mixed by wind. This mixing of material between
the surface and bottom often clouds the water, which usually starts to lose clarity in
less than a meter.
The microscopic particles and organisms can be seen in great detail due to a special
editing technique that combines scientific expertise and an artistic touch. Like a pho-
tographer adjusting lighting and using filters, Norman Kuring of NASA’s Ocean Biology
group works with various software programs and color-filtering techniques to draw out
the fine details in the water. The swirls in the water are all quite real; Kuring simply
separates and enhances certain shades and tones in the data to make the biomass
more visible. Without Kuring’s processing of the subtle colors in the image, Lake Khan-
ka can appear less compelling.
As one of the largest freshwater lakes (by area) in Far Eastern Russia and China, Lake
Khanka (known as Lake Xingkai in Chinese) plays an important role in supporting bio-
diversity. It is a major source of freshwater for birds (particularly waterfowl) and home
to some of the highest levels of bird diversity in Eurasia. Khanka is also home to many
freshwater species of fish and aquatic animals, including a large population of rare
Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
The lake is surrounded by open lowlands, wetlands, grassy meadows, and swamps,
which also contain many rare and endangered plants. The lake has been designated
as a Ramsar Convention Wetland Site, promoting conservation and sustainable use of
the wetlands. The lake is also included on UNESCO’s “World Biosphere Reserves” list.
For more information, visit
.
Image by Norman Kuring, NASA’s Ocean Color web, and Lauren Dauphin. Story by Ka-
sha Patel.
