156
March 2019
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher ASPRS
Editor-In-Chief Alper Yilmaz
Assistant Editor Jie Shan
Managing Editor Melissa J. Porterfield
Assistant Director — Publications Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal
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PE&RS.
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Throughout most of the year, the waters of Foxe Basin are choked with sea ice. By the
end of summer, however, open water typically dominates this part of the Canadian
Arctic. That was the case when these images were acquired in September 2018, as
small patches of ice lingered in the northern reaches of Hudson Bay around Prince
Charles Island and Baffin Island.
The wide view was acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) on the Aqua satellite on 3 September 2018. The Operational Land Imager
(OLI) on Landsat-8 acquired the detailed view (cover image) on 2 September. Notice
in the wide view that the clouds appear whiter than the ice. The detailed image
shows an even better view of this discoloration.
There are a number of reasons why ice can take on a brown tinge. Particles from nat-
ural and human sources—such as aerosols from industrial plants and ship emissions,
or mineral dust from land—can blow in. Smoke particles from fires—such as those
burning in Siberia in early July—also stream over the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. If
these particles settle onto the ice, they can darken the surface and increase melting.
Airborne sources, however, are probably not the reason for the brown ice in these im-
ages. The Foxe Basin is known for sea ice that gets stained brown by sediment from
the surrounding land or from the shallow seafloor. Greg McCullough of the University
of Manitoba points out that some of the color could also be caused by algae, which
can grow under the ice and wash up onto the surface during a storm.
Tidal currents and winds can move the sea ice around and organize it into various pat-
terns and tendrils. According to Jennifer Lukovich, also of the University of Manitoba,
the sea ice in this image shows a signature of cyclonic sea ice circulation southwest
of Prince Charles Island.
For more information, visit
NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using MODIS data from LANCE/
EOSDIS Rapid Response and Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by
Kathryn Hansen.
Foxe Basin
Baffin Island
Prince
Charles
Island
ice
